Of stocky build, with freckled face, close-cut tawny hair, and gray eyes, he dressed carelessly and grew to be bulky; but his personality commanded attention and drew men to his service. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Henry II Fearing the creation of a separate Norman power to the west, Henry travelled to Dublin to assert his overlordship of the territory they had won. He inherited the duchy of Normandy in 1150; succeeded his father as count of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine in 1151; and in 1152, marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine, acquired Aquitaine, Gascony, Poitou, and Auvergne. Henry the Lion (German: Heinrich der Löwe; 1129/1131 – 6 August 1195) was a member of the Welf dynasty and Duke of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and Duke of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, the duchies which he held until 1180.. Those at Westminster dealt with private pleas and cases sent up from the justices on eyre. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. Heinrich II. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He issued the Constitutions of Clarendon, which restricted ecclesiastical privileges and curbed the power of church courts. As a remedy Henry established the possessory writ, an order from the Exchequer, directing the sheriff to convene a sworn local jury at petty assize to establish the fact of dispossession, whereupon the sheriff had to reinstate the defendant pending a subsequent trial at the grand assize to establish the rights of the case. There was a general revolt of the baronage in England and Normandy, supported by Louis VII in France and William the Lion in Scotland. His quarrels with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and with members of his own family ultimately brought about his defeat. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In his long reign of 34 years he spent an aggregate of only 14 in England. His career may be considered in three aspects: the defense and enlargement of his dominions, the involvement in two lengthy and disastrous personal quarrels, and his lasting administrative and judicial reforms. In 1169, an Anglo-Norman force landed in Ireland to support of one of the claimants to the Irish high kingship. Henry’s prestige was at a low ebb after the murder of Becket and recent taxation, but he reacted energetically, settled matters in Normandy and Brittany, and crossed to England, where fighting had continued for a year. Henry (1173/1174 – 28 April 1227), named after his father and probably also after his maternal grandfather King Henry II of England; he campaigned with King Henry VI of Germany in Italy in 1190, but deserted in southern Italy and was outlawed at Worms in May 1192 and only restored to favour in January 1194 at Würzburg following his marriage. Now archbishop of Canterbury, Becket refused to comply. News that John had also turned against him hastened Henry's death on 6 July 1189. Above all stood the King’s right to set up courts for important pleas and to hear, either in person or through his ministers, any appeal. Arrest was a local responsibility, usually hard upon a flagrant crime. Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French language: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England (1154–89) and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany. King Henry II: Artist's Impression ca 1620. Henry II Of England was born on March 5, 1133, in England. Matilda of England (1156-1189) 3. Equally effective were the “possessory assizes.” In the feudal world, especially in times of turmoil, violent ejections and usurpations were common, with consequent vendettas and violence. Henry II of England King of England, 1154-1189. His remarkable achievements were impaired, however, by the stresses caused by a dispute with Becket and by discords in his own family. One was scutage, the commutation of military service for a money payment; the other was the obligation, put on all free men with a property qualification by the Assize of Arms (1181), to possess arms suitable to their station. Zeitweise beherrschte er Wales, Schottland, das östliche Irland und das westliche Frankreich. Almost overnight Becket became a saint. Geoffrey, Count of Brittany and son of Henry II of England, dies in an accident at a medieval tournament. In feudal courts the trial by battle could be avoided by the establishment of a concord, or fine. Thibaut du Perche (-bef1211) 3. … Henry II "Curtmantle" of England (5 March 1133-6 July 1189) was the King of England from 19 December 1154 to 6 July 1189, succeeding Stephen of Blois and preceding Richard the Lionheart.Henry II's inheritance of England and vast areas of France made him one of the most powerful rulers in Europe.He expanded his possessions further in Ireland and … Henry II of England (1133–89), reigned from 1154; Henry II of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1271–1324), reigned from 1285; king of Jerusalem in name only from 1291; Henry II of Castile (1334–79), reigned 1366–67 and from 1369; Henry VI of England (1421–71), reigned 1422–1461 and from 1470 as a King of England, and reigned from 1422 to 1453 as Henry II, king of France He was the first king of the House of Plantagenet. Updates? The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The Angevins descend from Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde of Anjou.In 1060 this couple inherited, via cognatic kinship, the county of Anjou from an older line dating from 870 and a noble called Ingelger. The young king lacked visible majesty. Richenza von Braunschweig (1171-1210) 4. Pleas brought to feudal courts could be delayed or altogether frustrated. Short Biography. His sons - Henry, Geoffrey, Richard and John - mistrusted each other and resented their father's policy of dividing land among them. In medieval England, the life of St. Edward the Confessor functioned as ideological myth; Henry III used it to show that the Plantagenet dynasty had reconciled two ‘nations’ within England after the Norman Conquest. Four knights took his words literally and murdered Becket in Canterbury Cathedral in December 1170. In the course of his reign, Henry had dominion over territories stretching from the Ireland to the Pyrenees. Kings. Henry II of England sends his son John to rule Ireland with the title of 'Lord of Ireland'. Henry had taken Louis’s former wife and her rich heritage. of Seals, vol. A result of this was the celebrated collection of decrees—the Constitutions of Clarendon (1164)—which professed to reassert the ancestral rights of the King over the church in such matters as clerical immunity, appointment of bishops, custody of vacant sees, excommunication, and appeals to Rome. Henry was born on March 5 1133, in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Main. Find out more about how the BBC is covering the. Although the claim of his mother, Matilda, daughter of Henry I, to the English crown had been set aside by her cousin, King Stephen, in 1152, Henry advanced his fortunes by marrying the beautiful and talented Eleanor, recently divorced from King Louis VII of France, who brought with her hand the lordship of Aquitaine. King Stephen agreed to accept Henry as his coadjutor and heir. Henry II (1133–1189) was crowned king of England in 1154. Thomas du Perche (-1217) 4. And so, an English presence in Ireland was established. King of England from 1154, Henry strengthened royal administration but suffered from quarrels with Thomas Becket and his own family. Matters were eased by the death of Geoffrey (1186), but the King’s attempt to find an inheritance for John led to a coalition against him of Richard and the young Philip II Augustus, who had succeeded his father, Louis VII, as king of France. More dangerous were the domestic quarrels, which thwarted Henry’s plans and even endangered his life and which finally brought him down in sorrow and shame. In addition, the assizes gave fast and clear verdicts, enriched the treasury and extended royal control. Though acknowledging Alexander, he continued throughout the Becket controversy to threaten transference of allegiance to Frederick’s antipope, thus impeding Alexander’s freedom of action. Finally, the increasing use of scutage, and the availability of the royal courts for private suits, were effective agents in molding the feudal monarchy into a monarchical bureaucracy before the appearance of Parliament. Restless, impetuous, always on the move, regardless of the convenience of others, he was at ease with scholars, and his administrative decrees were the work of a cool realist. Henry II, byname Henry of Anjou, Henry Plantagenet, Henry FitzEmpress, or Henry Curtmantle (Short Mantle), (born 1133, Le Mans, Maine [now in France]—died July 6, 1189, near Tours), duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king of England (from 1154), who greatly expanded his Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration in England. During his reign, the dynastic marriages of three daughters gave him political influence in Germany, Castile, and Sicily. Determined to assert his rights in all his lands, Henry II reasserted the centralized power of his grandfather, Henry I, in England. There were serious family disputes in 1173, 1181 and 1184. His marriage in 1152 to Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to Louis VII had recently been ann… Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 – 11 June 1183) was the eldest surviving son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.Beginning in 1170, he was titular King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine.Henry the Young King was the only King of England since the Norman Conquest to be crowned during his father's reign, but was frustrated by his father's … An attempted reconciliation failed and Becket punished priests who had co-operated with Henry. This not only made Henry powerful but also the head of a large empire, called the Angevin Empire. A second rebellion flared up in 1181 with a quarrel between his sons Henry and Richard over the government of Aquitaine, but young Henry died in 1183. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Corrections? A similar writ of Mort d’Ancestor decided whether the ancestor of a plaintiff had in fact possessed the estate, whereas that of Darrein Presentment (i.e., last presentation) decided who in fact had last presented a parson to a particular benefice. Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, 1151-1189. Henry became Count of Anjou and Maine upon the death of his father, Geoffrey of Anjou, in 1151. Henry II (King) of ENGLAND `Curtmantle' (`Courtmanteau'); d' ANJOU (ANGEVIN); FitzEMPRESS; PLANTAGENET. Henry met Rosamund at some point in 1166, and it is thought his publicly favoring Rosamund was an attempt to instigate Eleanor into requesting a divorce. 19,870, and Plate.) Besides disrupting the public life of the church, this situation embroiled Henry with Louis VII and Alexander III; and, though it seemingly did little to hamper Henry’s activities, the time and service spent in negotiations and embassies was considerable, and the tragic denouement in Becket’s murder earned for Henry a good deal of damaging opprobrium. When Stephen died the following year Henry succeeded without opposition, thus becoming lord of territories stretching from Scotland to the Pyrenees. BBC © 2014 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. v., no. Henry II ruled as King of England, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In any case, the long-term results were very great. Henry was the son … And he instituted the Assize of Clarendon, in which the procedure of criminal justice was established. Henry's now began to restore order. Henry acquired most of the Continental possessions that would expand the kingdom of England before he became king in 1154. Henry, who was the duke of Aquitaine, had a claim to the English throne, and he invaded England in 1153. He reigned from 1154 to 1189 and founded the Plantagenet dynasty of English rulers. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Henry II of England: Grants to Reading Abbey: 1154-1184. Upon the death of Edward III, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne. Henry invaded England in 1153, and King Stephen agreed to accept him as coadjutor and heir. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. William Plantagenet, Count of Poitiers (1153-1156) 2. When Stephen died the following year, Henry succeeded without opposition, thus becoming King Henry II of England. Image from. Author of. Regius Professor of Modern History, University of Cambridge, 1954–63. Henry was defeated and forced to give way, and news that John also had joined his enemies hastened the King’s death near Tours in 1189. A doubt of guilt was settled by ordeal by battle; the accused in the shire underwent tests held to reveal God’s judgment. Henry II, king of England (1154–89) who greatly expanded his Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration in England. Of these, the four sons who survived infancy—Henry, Geoffrey, Richard, and John—repaid his genuine affection with resentment toward their father and discord among themselves. The first of three Angevin kings of England, he expanded the Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration. On hearing this Henry reportedly exclaimed, 'Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?' The next day the King of Scots was taken at Alnwick, and three weeks later Henry had suppressed the rebellion in England. Henry II was king of England from 1154 to 1189. His father was Count of Anjou and his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. In Ireland, reputedly bestowed upon him by Pope Adrian IV, Henry allowed an expedition of barons from South Wales to establish Anglo-Norman supremacy in Leinster (1169), which the King himself extended in 1171.

Richti Shopping Parking Preise, Fest Und Flauschig Einspieler Wendler, Arosa Lenzerheide Rabatt, Sauna Eisenach Und Umgebung, Leuenhof Bahnhofstrasse 32 Zürich, Innenminister Niedersachsen 2020,